OpenBSD 5.2
OpenBSD 5.2
Released Nov 1, 2012
Copyright , Theo de Raadt.
ISBN 978-0--4
Order a CDROM from our .
See the information on
a list of mirror machines.
Go to the pub/OpenBSD/5.2/ directory on
one of the mirror sites.
Have a look at
for a list
of bugs and workarounds.
between the
5.1 and 5.2 releases.
All applicable copyrights and credits can be found in the applicable
file sources found in the files src.tar.gz, sys.tar.gz,
xenocara.tar.gz, or in the files fetched via ports.tar.gz.
distribution files used to build packages from the ports.tar.gz file
are not included on the CDROM because of lack of space.
What's New
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 5.2.
For a comprehensive list, see the
The most significant change in this release is the replacement of
the user-level uthreads by kernel-level rthreads, allowing multithreaded
programs to utilize multiple CPUs/cores.
Use PTHREAD_MUTEX_STRICT_NP as default mutex type.
Added pthread spinlock and barrier routines.
Added support for live multi-threaded debugging in .
Improved handling for
totals and
in threaded processes.
Changed the RLIMIT_NPROC
to count processes instead of threads.
Added a new system limit
for the max number of threads.
Closed race conditions in thread creation, and in
in a threaded process.
Improved handling of threaded processes in , , and .
Changed the lock around
to be recursive, so that dl*() operations from
handlers don't deadlock.
Many fixes to pthread attribute and mutex error checking and cancellation handling.
Improved hardware support, including:
Added hibernation support on i386. Currently only working on
Improved support for ALPS based touchpads in
X.Org input driver.
Performance improvements with
Intel 10Gb Ethernet NICs.
Support for i350 based devices in .
Flow control support for .
Hardware watchdog and HPET support for
(Intel Atom E600) as found in some embedded x86 systems.
supports additional Android devices.
Support for Winbond W83627UHG has been added to .
Support for the SMBus controller of the AMD CS5536 in
and the NVIDIA MCP89 in .
Support for AX88772B based devices has been added to .
Support for MCS7832 based devices has been added to .
Support for the Roland UM-ONE has been added to .
Support for the AMD Hudson-2 chipset has been added to
Support for NetMos NM9820 cardbus serial cards has been added to .
Support for Huawei Mobile E303 has been added to .
port now supports the R4000 Indigo (IP20), Indy (IP22), R4000 Indigo2 (IP24) and POWER Indigo2 R10000 (IP28) families.
Generic network stack improvements:
Increased TCP initial window to 14600 bytes as proposed in
draft-ietf-tcpm-initcwnd.
Cleanup handling of sockaddrs in degenerate use cases.
Improved handling of error and limit cases in file descriptor passing.
Improved socketbuffer handling for AF_UNIX sockets.
Fix yet another file descriptor leak in message passing.
Improved error handling in socket splicing.
IPv6 privacy addresses now appear alongside SLAAC addresses.
Support for Extended Sequence Numbers has been added to the IPsec stack and .
Bridging two IPv4 networks over an IPv6 link with
is now possible.
Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
now rate limit their accepting of new connections when experiencing file descriptor exhaustion.
destination/prefixlen syntax for IPv6 routes.
ASCII packet dumping support in .
Better etherip and BGP protocol support in .
now recognize additional Internet Key Exchange DH groups.
Various improvements in
including support for retransmits.
now allows SA lifetimes to be specified in its
rewritten as a persistent, non-blocking daemon.
client now supports IPv6.
now supports PF-MIB, UCD-DISKIO-MIB, and
additional OIDs in HOST-RESOURCES-MIB.
is now more robust when encountering network instability.
Adjust the
route decision code to cover checks needed due to route reflection.
Various fixes to improve error reporting in
including support of RFC 6608.
For debugging purposes
can load MRT dumps into .
Fixed distribution of MPLS VPN routes in .
Introduced a new option "selected" to the
"show rib" command to show only selected routes.
Correctly support the LSA_TYPE_AREA_OPAQ and LSA_TYPE_AS_OPAQ types in .
able to handle transactions larger than 2GB in size.
Various bug fixes and better HTTP standard compliance in .
can now advertise DNS servers and search paths in router advertisements.
can now send router advertisements with no prefix information using the noifprefix option.
client now allows the source IP address of the connection to be specified.
now handles larger directories and is more tolerant when processing groups.
Added support for AF_INET6 to
improvements:
now ignores/preserves the lower 2 bits of the tos-header (used for Explicit Congestion Notification).
Allow more than 16
interfaces.
now supports weighted least-states load balancing.
The prio and tos options are now part of the "set { }" block.
Allow setting the tos on IPv6 packets.
Better demotion handling in
to prevent failovers without having a full state table.
Fixed printing of wildcard anchors in .
Assorted improvements:
an HTTP server, reverse proxy server and mail proxy server.
Added SQLite 3.7.13, a self-contained SQL database engine.
has been updated with several core functions from tcpdump.org's libpcap-1.2.0 API, without
the clutter.
Disabled SSLv2 in OpenSSL.
into the base system. Much work remains to be done.
Removed the
RAIDframe driver and its corresponding
RAIDframe has been superseded by .
More configuration variables for
is now a function instead of a macro.
supports arbitrarily large alignments.
performance.
recognizes the DF_1_NOOPEN flag and refuses to
shared objects linked with "-z nodlopen".
Improved compliance and/or cleanliness of header files, particularly
&dirent.h&, &time.h&, &sys/time.h&, &limits.h&,
&arpa/inet.h&, &netinet/in.h&, and &sys/param.h&.
Improved kernel uvm memory allocator.
Added support for using AMT to provide console-over-Ethernet (c.f. the
Improved support for amd64 systems with many memory extents.
improvements: TLS-vs-clone and futex fixes, added support
for statfs64(), tgkill(), gettid(), SOCK_CLOEXEC, and SOCK_NONBLOCK.
improvements, including the ability to show thread IDs and dumping of timespec, timeval, sigaction, rlimit, sigset, clockid, and fdset arguments and results.
Various improvements in :
reliability fixes, new MTA client, new scheduler and improved queue logic, simplified
syntax, better RFC compliance and several cosmetic changes.
emacs-like editor now supports cscope functionality.
Also, backup files can now be saved to a user's home directory in addition to the current working directory.
Fixed operation of
(and therefore
and ) on kernel crash dumps.
Improved emacs-style key bindings and handling of large arrays in .
disables "suspend-on-lid-close" so that you don't accidentally suspend instead of shutting down.
Improvements to parallel : added the .CHEAP and .EXPENSIVE special targets and fixed glitches in already-rebuilt logic.
package is able to access non- devices for some operations, allowing e.g.
with a standard kernel.
Various improvements in :
a new unified tree view to select sessions or windows,
new move-pane and renumber-windows commands,
a history of pane layouts,
simple output rate limiting, and
custom formats (-F) have been extended and are now accepted by more commands.
now works on devices with non-512 byte sectors.
now works with DUID based
Numerous minor improvement to , including more sanity checking and better default partition sizing on large disks.
now discards trailing NULs in option data, and in general parses option data with more paranoia.
Various improvements to
startup and timeout handling.
does a better job of calculating physical memory during partition auto-allocation of devices with non-512 byte sectors.
SCSI errors are now correctly propagated to userland, e.g.
now reports specific errors such as trying to mount RW filesystems from RO media.
Improved FAT media handling: autorecognize such media even if the 0x55aa signature is missing and prevent the writing of an OpenBSD disklabel over the FAT data structures.
The MS-DOS FAT filesystem implementation gained a significant write speedup for large files (up to twice as fast).
OpenSSH 6.1:
New features:
This release turns on pre-auth sandboxing sshd by default for new installs,
by setting UsePrivilegeSeparation=sandbox in sshd_config.
Add options to specify starting line number and number of lines to process
when screening moduli candidates, allowing processing of different parts of
a candidate moduli file in parallel.
The Match directive now supports matching on the local (listen) address and
port upon which the incoming connection was received via LocalAddress and
LocalPort clauses.
Extend sshd_config Match directive to allow setting AcceptEnv and {Allow,Deny}{Users,Groups}.
Add support for RFC6594 SSHFP DNS records for ECDSA key types. (bz#1978)
Allow conversion of RSA1 keys to public PEM and PKCS8.
Allow the sshd_config PermitOpen directive to accept "none" as an argument to
refuse all port-forwarding requests.
Support "none" as an argument for AuthorizedPrincipalsFile.
Look for ECDSA keys by default. (bz#1971)
Add "VersionAddendum" to sshd_config to allow server operators to append some
arbitrary text to the server SSH protocol banner.
The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
Don't spin in accept() in situations of file descriptor exhaustion. Instead
back off for a while.
Remove hmac-sha2-256-96 and hmac-sha2-512-96 MACs as they were removed from
the specification. (bz#2023)
Handle long comments in config files better. (bz#2025)
Delay setting tty_flag so RequestTTY options are correctly picked up. (bz#1995)
Fix handling of /etc/nologin incorrectly being applied to root on platforms
that use login_cap.
Over 7600 ports, major performance and stability improvements in
the package build process:
dpb got simpler and faster. Handles distfiles, works without any
Simpler and less error-prone mechanisms for handling MD differences.
dpb is now used for mirroring distfiles, to the great joy of
full databases of all ports available as packages:
pkglocatedb - a
database of all files in all packages
sqlports - a
database of all meta-info for all packages
ports-readmes - a tree of html files for browsing thru available packages
Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
Some highlights:
GNOME 3.4.2
KDE 3.5.10
MySQL 5.1.63
PostgreSQL 9.1.4
Postfix 2.9.3
OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.31 Mozilla Firefox 3.5.19, 3.6.28 and 13.0.1
Mozilla Thunderbird 13.0.1 GHC 7.0.4
LibreOffice 3.5.5.3
Emacs 21.4, 22.3 and 23.4
Vim 7.3.154
PHP 5.2.17 and 5.3.14
Python 2.5.4, 2.7.3 and 3.2.3 Ruby 1.8.7.370 and 1.9.3.194
Tcl/Tk 8.5.11
Mono 2.10.9
Chromium 20.0.1132.57
Groff 1.21
GCC 4.6.3 and 4.7.1
LLVM/Clang 3.1
Lua 5.1.5 and 5.2.1
As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.12.2 + patches,
freetype 2.4.10, fontconfig 2.8.0, Mesa 7.10.3, xterm 279,
xkeyboard-config 2.6 and more)
Gcc 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 2.95.3 (+ patches)
Perl 5.12.2 (+ patches)
Our improved and secured version of Apache 1.3, with
SSL/TLS and DSO support
Nginx 1.2.2 (+ patches)
OpenSSL 1.0.0f (+ patches)
SQLite 3.7.13 (+ patches)
Sendmail 8.14.5, with libmilter
Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
NSD 3.2.11
Lynx 2.8.7rel.2 with HTTPS and IPv6 support (+ patches)
Sudo 1.7.2p8
Ncurses 5.7
Heimdal 0.7.2 (+ patches)
Arla 0.35.7
Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
Less 444 (+ patches)
Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
How to install
Following this are the instructions which you would have on a piece of
paper if you had purchased a CDROM set instead of doing an alternate
form of install.
The instructions for doing an FTP (or other style
of) inst the CDROM instructions are left intact
so that you can see how much easier it would have been if you had
purchased a CDROM instead.
Please refer to the following files on the three CDROMs or FTP mirror for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 5.2 on your machine:
CD1:5.2/i386/INSTALL.i386
CD2:5.2/amd64/INSTALL.amd64
CD3:5.2/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/alpha/INSTALL.alpha
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/armish/INSTALL.armish
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/hp300/INSTALL.hp300
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/hppa/INSTALL.hppa
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/landisk/INSTALL.landisk
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/loongson/INSTALL.loongson
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/macppc/INSTALL.macppc
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/mvme68k/INSTALL.mvme68k
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/mvme88k/INSTALL.mvme88k
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/sgi/INSTALL.sgi
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/socppc/INSTALL.socppc
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/sparc/INSTALL.sparc
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/vax/INSTALL.vax
FTP:.../OpenBSD/5.2/zaurus/INSTALL.zaurus
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the
use of the "disklabel -E" command.
If you are at all confused when
installing OpenBSD, read the relevant INSTALL.* file as listed above!
OpenBSD/i386:
Play with your BIOS options to enable booting from a CD. The OpenBSD/i386
release is on CD1. If your BIOS does not support booting from CD, you will need
to create a boot floppy to install from. To create a boot floppy write
CD1:5.2/i386/floppy52.fs to a floppy and boot via the floppy drive.
Use CD1:5.2/i386/floppyB52.fs instead for greater SCSI controller
support, or CD1:5.2/i386/floppyC52.fs for better laptop support.
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.
To make a boot floppy under MS-DOS, use the &rawrite& utility located
at CD1:5.2/tools/rawrite.exe. To make the boot floppy under a Unix OS,
utility. The following is an example usage of
where the device could be &floppy&, &rfd0c&, or
# dd if=&file& of=/dev/&device& bs=32k
Make sure you use properly formatted perfect floppies with NO BAD BLOCKS or
your install will most likely fail. For more information on creating a boot
floppy and installing OpenBSD/i386 please refer to
OpenBSD/amd64:
The 5.2 release of OpenBSD/amd64 is located on CD2.
Boot from the CD to begin the install - you may need to adjust
your BIOS options first.
If you can't boot from the CD, you can create a boot floppy to install from.
To do this, write CD2:5.2/amd64/floppy52.fs to a floppy, then
boot from the floppy drive.
If you can't boot from a CD or a floppy disk,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.
OpenBSD/macppc:
Burn the image from the FTP site to a CDROM, and poweron your machine
while holding down the C key until the display turns on and
shows OpenBSD/macppc boot.
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter boot cd:,ofwboot
/5.2/macppc/bsd.rd
OpenBSD/sparc64:
Put CD3 in your CDROM drive and type boot cdrom.
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
CD3:5.2/sparc64/floppy52.fs or CD3:5.2/sparc64/floppyB52.fs
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with boot
floppy. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
You can also write CD3:5.2/sparc64/miniroot52.fs to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with boot disk:b.
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
OpenBSD/alpha:
Write FTP:5.2/alpha/floppy52.fs or
FTP:5.2/alpha/floppyB52.fs (depending on your machine) to a diskette and
enter boot dva0. Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
OpenBSD/armish:
After connecting a serial port, Thecus can boot directly from the network
either tftp or http. Configure the network using fconfig, reset,
then load bsd.rd, see INSTALL.armish for specific details.
IOData HDL-G can only boot from an EXT-2 partition. Boot into linux
and copy 'boot' and bsd.rd into the first partition on wd0 (hda1)
then load and run bsd.rd, preserving the wd0i (hda1) ext2fs partition.
More details are available in INSTALL.armish.
OpenBSD/hp300:
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hp300.
OpenBSD/hppa:
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
OpenBSD/landisk:
Write miniroot52.fs to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.
OpenBSD/loongson:
Write miniroot52.fs to a USB stick and boot bsd.rd from it
or boot bsd.rd via tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.loongson for more details.
OpenBSD/luna88k:
Copy bsd.rd to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot it from the PROM.
Alternatively, you can create a bootable tape and boot from it. Refer to
the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
OpenBSD/mvme68k:
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.
The network boot requires a MVME68K BUG version that supports the NIOT
and NBO debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme68k
for more details.
OpenBSD/mvme88k:
You can create a bootable installation tape or boot over the network.
The network boot requires a MVME88K BUG version that supports the NIOT
and NBO debugger commands. Follow the instructions in INSTALL.mvme88k
for more details.
OpenBSD/sgi:
To install on an O2, burn cd52.iso on a CD-R, put it in the CD drive of your
machine and select Install System Software from the System Maintenance
On other systems, or if your machine doesn't have a CD drive, you can
setup a DHCP/tftp network server, and boot using "bootp()/bsd.rd.IP##" using
the kernel matching your system type.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.sgi for more details.
OpenBSD/socppc:
After connecting a serial port, boot over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.socppc for more details.
OpenBSD/sparc:
Boot from one of the provided install ISO images, using one of the two
commands listed below, depending on the version of your ROM.
ok boot cdrom 5.2/sparc/bsd.rd
& b sd(0,6,0)5.2/sparc/bsd.rd
If your SPARC system does not have a CD drive, you can alternatively boot from floppy.
To do so you need to write floppy52.fs to a floppy.
For more information see .
To boot from the floppy use one of the two commands listed below,
depending on the version of your ROM.
ok boot floppy
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
If your SPARC system doesn't have a floppy drive nor a CD drive, you can either
setup a bootable tape, or install via network, as told in the
INSTALL.sparc file.
OpenBSD/vax:
Boot over the network via mopbooting as described in INSTALL.vax.
OpenBSD/zaurus:
Using the Linux built-in graphical ipkg installer, install the
openbsd52_arm.ipk package.
Reboot, then run it.
Read INSTALL.zaurus
for a few important details.
Notes about the source code:
src.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src.
contains everything you need except for the kernel sources, which are
in a separate archive.
To extract:
# mkdir -p /usr/src
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz
sys.tar.gz contains a source archive starting at /usr/src/sys.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
# mkdir -p /usr/src/sys
# cd /usr/src
# tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout.
Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described .
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
How to upgrade
If you already have an OpenBSD 5.1 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
Ports Tree
A ports tree archive is also provided.
To extract:
# tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz
# cd ports
The ports/ subdirectory is a checkout of the OpenBSD ports tree.
if you know nothing about ports
at this point.
This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
The ports/ directory represents a CVS (see the manpage for
you aren't familiar with CVS) checkout of our ports.
As with our complete
source tree, our ports tree is available via anoncvs.
order to keep current with it, you must make the ports/ tree
available on a read-write medium and update the tree with a command
# cd [portsdir]/; cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_5_2
[Of course, you must replace the local directory and server name here
with the location of your ports collection and a nearby anoncvs
Note that most ports are available as packages through FTP. Updated
packages for the 5.2 release will be made available if problems arise.
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
is a good place to know.}