Jujutsu (柔g, jūjutsu?) listen (help?info), ("jujitsu") or Jiu-Jitsu, literally meaning the "art of softness", or "way of yielding",
is a collective name for Japanese martial art styles including unarmed and armed
techniques. Jujutsu evolved among the samurai of feudal Japan as a method for
defeating an armed and armored opponent without weapons. Due to the
ineffectiveness of striking against an armored opponent, the most efficient
methods for neutralizing an enemy took the form of pins, joint locks, and
throws. These techniques were developed around the principle of using an
attacker's energy against him, rather than directly opposing
There are many variations of the art, which leads to
a diversity of approaches. Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize all forms of
grappling techniques to some degree (i.e. throwing, trapping, joint locks,
holds, gouging, biting, disengagements, striking, and kicking). In addition to
jujutsu, many schools teach the use of weapons.
Today, jujutsu is practiced both as it was hundreds
of years ago, but also in modified forms for sport practice. Derived sports
forms include the Olympic sport and martial art of judo, which was developed
from several traditional styles of jujutsu by Kano Jigoro in the late 19 and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, which was―in turn―derived from earlier
versions (pre-World War II) of Kodokan judo.
Jujutsu was first developed by the Samurai. The term
"jūjutsu" was not coined until the 17th century, after which time it
became a blanket term for a wide variety of grappling-related disciplines. Prior
to that time, these skills had names such as "short sword grappling" (小具足腰之h, kogusoku koshi no mawari), "grappling" (M or M打, kumiuchi), "body art" (体g, taijutsu), "softness" (柔
or 和, yawara), "art of harmony" (和g, wajutsu, yawarajutsu), "catching hand" (捕手, torite), and
even the "way of softness" (柔道, jūdō) (as early as 1724, almost
two centuries before Kano Jigoro founded the modern art of Kodokan Judo).
Today, the systems of unarmed combat that were
developed and practiced during the Muromachi period () are referred to
collectively as Japanese old-style jujutsu (日本古流柔g, Nihon koryū jūjutsu).
At this period in history, the systems practiced were not systems of unarmed
combat, but rather means for an unarmed or lightly armed warrior to fight a
heavily armed and armored enemy on the battlefield. In battle, it was often not
possible for a samurai to use his long sword, and would therefore be forced to
rely on his short sword, dagger, or bare hands. When fully armored, the
effective use of such "minor" weapons necessitated the employment of grappling
Methods of combat (as just mentioned above) included
striking (kicking and punching), throwing (body throws, joint-lock throws,
unbalance throws), restraining (pinning, strangulating, grappling, wrestling)
and weaponry. Defensive tactics included blocking, evading, off-balancing,
blending and escaping. Minor weapons such as the tanto (knife), ryofundo kusari (weighted chain), kabuto wari (helmet smasher),
and kakushi buki (secret or disguised weapons) were almost always
included in Sengoku jujutsu.
Development
In later times, other koryu developed into systems
more familiar to the practitioners of Nihon jujutsu commonly seen today.
These are correctly classified as Edo jūjutsu (founded during the edo
period): they are generally designed to deal with opponents neither wearing
armor nor in a battlefield environment. Most systems of Edo jujutsu include
extensive use of atemi waza (vital-striking technique), which would be of
little use against an armored opponent on a battlefield. They would, however, be
quite valuable in confronting an enemy or opponent during peacetime dressed in
normal street attire (referred to as "suhada bujutsu"). Occasionally,
inconspicuous weapons such as tantō (daggers) or tessen (iron fans) were
included in the curriculum of Edo jūjutsu.
Another seldom-seen historical side is a series of
techniques originally included in both Sengoku and Edo jujutsu systems. Referred
to as hojo waza (捕Ig hojojutsu, torinawa jutsu, nawa jutsu, hayanawa and others), it involves the use of a hojo cord, (sometimes the sageo or tasuke) to restrain or strangle an attacker. These
techniques have for the most part faded from use in modern times, but Tokyo
police units still train in their use and continue to carry a hojo cord in
addition to handcuffs. The very old Takenouchi-ryu is one of the
better-recognized systems that continue extensive training in hojo waza. Since
the establishment of the Meiji period with the abolishment of the Samurai and
the wearing of swords, the ancient tradition of Yagyu Shingan Ryu (Sendai
& Edo lines) has focused much towards the jujutsu (Yawara) contained in its
Many other legitimate Nihon jujutsu ryu exist but
are not considered koryu (ancient traditions). These are called either Gendai
Jujutsu or modern jujutsu. Modern jujutsu traditions were founded after or
towards the end of the Tokugawa period (1868), when more than 2000 schools (ryu)
of jūjutsu existed. Various traditional ryu and ryuha that are commonly thought
of as koryu jujutsu are actually gendai jūjutsu. Although modern in formation,
very few gendai jujutsu systems have direct historical links to ancient
traditions and are incorrectly referred to as traditional martial systems or
ryu. Their curriculum reflects an obvious bias towards Edo jūjutsu systems as
opposed to the Sengoku jūjutsu systems. The improbability of confronting an
armor-clad attacker is the reason for this bias.
Over time, Gendai jujutsu has been embraced by law
enforcement officials worldwide and continues to be the foundation for many
specialized systems used by police. Perhaps the most famous of these specialized
police systems is the Keisatsujutsu (police art) Taiho jutsu (arresting
art) system formulated and employed by the Tokyo Police Department.
If a Japanese based martial system is formulated in
modern times (post Tokugawa) but is only partially influenced by traditional
Nihon jujutsu, it may be correctly referred to as goshin (self defense) jujutsu.
Goshin jujutsu is usually formulated outside Japan and may include influences
from other martial traditions. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, which was developed from
judo, but with greater emphasis on ground grappling (ne waza), is an excellent
example of Goshin Jujutsu.
Jujutsu techniques have been the basis for many
military unarmed combat techniques (including British/US/Russian special forces
and SO1 police units) for many years.
There are many forms of sport jujutsu, the original
and most popular being judo, now an Olympic sport. One of the most common is
mixed-style competitions, where competitors apply a variety of strikes, throws,
and holds to score points. There are also kata competitions, where competitors
of the same style perform techniques and are judged on their performance. There
are also freestyle competitions, where competitors take turns attacking each
other, and the defender is judged on performance.
Description
Japanese jujutsu systems typically place more
emphasis on throwing, immobilizing and pinning, joint-locking, choking, and
strangling techniques as compared with other martial arts systems such as
karate. Atemi-waza (striking techniques) were seen as less important in
most older Japanese systems, since samurai body armor protected against many
striking techniques. The Chinese quanfa/ch'uan-fa (kenpo or kung fu)
systems focus on punching, striking, and kicking more than jujutsu.
The Japanese systems of hakuda, kenpo, and shubaku display some degree of Chinese influence in their emphasis on
atemi-waza. In comparison, systems that derive more directly from Japanese
sources show less preference for such techniques. However, a few jujutsu schools
likely have some Chinese influence in their development. Jujutsu ryu vary
widely in their techniques, and many do include significant emphasis on striking
techniques, though in some styles only as set-ups for their grappling
techniques.
In jujutsu, practitioners train in the use of many
potentially fatal moves. However, because students mostly train in a
non-competitive environment, risk is minimized. Students are taught break
falling skills to allow them to safely practice otherwise dangerous throws.
In jujutsu, there are five main sectors ("arts") of
training. The first, the Art of Blocking, is used to defend against attacks. The
second, the Art of the Fulcrum Throw, is employed in modern judo. The third, the
Art of the Non-fulcrum Throw is employed through throws that involve little or
no contact with the opponent. The fourth, the Art of Escaping (Hakko-Dori), is
very crucial in many styles of Jujutsu. The fifth is the Art of Striking
(Atemi-Waza).
The word Jujutsu can be broken down into two parts.
"Ju" is a concept. The idea behind this meaning of Ju is "to be gentle", "to
give way", "to yield", "to blend", "to move out of harm's way". "Jutsu" is the
principle or "the action" part of Ju-Jutsu. In Japanese this word means science
Technical characteristics
As a "soft" art, jujitsu systems generally employ
the principles of balance, leverage, and momentum to overcome opponents. This is
in contrast to "hard" systems (for example, some styles of karate or taekwondo)
that tend to emphasize developing power, strength, and speed. Although there is
some diversity in the actual look and techniques of the various traditional
jujutsu systems, there are significant technical similarities common to all
Students learn traditional jujutsu primarily by
observation and imitation of the ryu's waza.
The unarmed waza of most schools emphasize
joint-locking techniques (kansetsu waza), that is, threatening a joint's
integrity by placing pressure on it in a direction contrary to its normal
function, aligning it so that muscular strength cannot be brought to bear,
take-down or throwing techniques, or a combination of take-downs and
joint-locks.
Sometimes, atemi (strikes) are targeted to some
vulnera this is an aspect of kuzushi, the art of breaking
balance as a set-up for a lock, take-down or throw.
Movements tend to capitalize on an attacker's
momentum and openings in order to place a joint in a compromised position or to
break their balance as preparation for a take-down or throw.
The defender's own body is positioned so as to take
optimal advantage of the attacker's weaknesses while simultaneously presenting
few openings or weaknesses of its own.
Weapons training was a primary goal of Samurai
training. Koryu (old/classic) schools typically include the use of weapons.
Weapons might include the roku shaku bo (six-foot staff), hanbo (three-foot staff), katana (sword), wakizashi or kodachi (short sword), tanto (knife), or jutte (short one hook truncheon).
Schools and derivatives
Because jujutsu contains so many facets, it has
become the foundation for a variety of styles and derivations today. As each
instructor incorporated new techniques and tactics into what was taught to him
originally, he could codify and create his own ryu (school). Some of these
schools modified the source material so much that they no longer considered
themselves a style of jujutsu.
Old schools
Circa 1600 AD there were over 2000 ryu of jujutsu in
Japan and there were common features that characterized most of them. The technical characteristics varied from school to school. Many of the
generalizations noted above do not hold true for some schools of jujutsu. Old
schools of Japanese jujutsu include:
Daito-ryu aiki-jujutsu
Hontai Yoshin-ryu
Kashima Shin-ryū
Kukishin-ryū [4]
Kyushin Ryu
Sekiguchi Shinshin-ryu
Sosuishitsu-ryu
Takenouchi-ryu
Tatsumi-ryu
Tenjin Shinyo-ryu
Yagyu Shingan Ryu
Yoshin Ryu
Derivatives and influences
Some examples of martial arts that have developed
from or have been influenced by jujutsu are: Aikido, Bartitsu, Hapkido, Judo
(and thence Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and Sambo), Kajukenbo, Kudo, Kapap, and Kenpo―as
well as some styles of Japanese Karate. The Wado-ryu school of Karate, for
example, is considered as a branch of Shindō Yōshin-ryū Jujutsu which has
received strong influences from Okinawan Karate.[5]
Some schools went on to diverge into present day
Karate and Aiki styles. The last Japanese divergence occurred in 1905 when a
number of jujutsu schools joined the Kodokan. The syllabi of those schools was
unified under Kano Jigoro to form Judo
Modern schools
A Japanese-based martial system formulated in modern
times (post Tokugawa) that is only partially influenced by traditional Nihon
jujutsu, is correctly referred to as goshin (self defense) jujitsu.
Goshin jujutsu is usually formulated outside Japan and may include influences
from other martial traditions. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, although derived originally
from Kodokan Judo, has evolved independently for many years, and could be
considered an example of Goshin Jutsu.
After the transplantation of traditional Japanese
jujutsu to the West, many of these more traditional styles underwent a process
of adaptation at the hands of Western practitioners, molding the art of jujutsu
to suit western culture in its myriad varieties. There are today many distinctly
westernized styles of jujutsu, that stick to their Japanese roots to varying
There are a number of relatively new martial systems
identifying themselves as jujutsu. Since they are created in modern (gendai)
times, they are often referred to as gendai jujutsu.
Some of the largest post-reformation (founded post
1905) jujutsu schools include (but are certainly not limited to these in that
there are hundreds (possibly thousands), of new branches of "jujutsu"):
Danzan Ryu
German Ju-Jutsu
Goshin Jujitsu
Hakko Denshin Ryu
Hokutoryu jujutsu
Jukido Jujitsu
Ketsugo Jujutsu
Kumite-ryu Jujutsu
Miyama Ryu
Purple Dragon Don Jitsu Ryu System
Sanuces Ryu
Shorinji Kan Jiu Jitsu (The Jitsu Foundation)
Small Circle JuJitsu
World Ju-Jitsu Federation (WJJF)
Goshinbudo
Sport jujitsu
There are many types of Sport Jujitsu. One version
of Sport jujutsu is known as "JJIF Rules Sport Ju-Jitsu", organized by Ju-Jitsu
International Federation(JJIF), and has been recognized an official sport of the
World Games.
Sport Jujutsu comes in two main variants: Duo(self-defense demonstration) where both the tori(attacker) and the
uke(defender) come from the same team and demonstrate self defense techniques,
and Fighting System(freefighting) where competitors combine striking,
grappling and submissions under rules which emphasise safety. Many of the
potentially dangerous techniques such as scissor takedowns, necklocks and
digital choking and locking are prohibited in Sport Jujitsu. There are a number
of other styles of sport jujutsu with varying rules.
Jujitsu, the current standard spelling, is derived
using the Hepburn romanization system. Before the first half of the 20th
century, however, jiu-jitsu and then jujitsu were preferred, even though the
romanization of the second kanji as jitsu is unfaithful to the standard
Japanese pronunciation. Since Japanese martial arts first became widely known of
in the West in that time period, these earlier spellings are still common in
many places. Ju-Jitsu is still a common spelling in France, Canada and the
United States while Jiu-Jitsu is most widely used in Germany and Brazil.
Some define jujitsu and similar arts rather narrowly
as "unarmed" close combat systems used to defeat or control an enemy who is
similarly unarmed. Basic methods of attack include hitting or striking,
thrusting or punching, kicking, throwing, pinning or immobilizing, strangling,
and joint-locking. Great pains were also taken by the bushi (classic warriors)
to develop effective methods of defense, including parrying or blocking strikes,
thrusts and kicks, receiving throws or joint-locking techniques (i.e., falling
safely and knowing how to "blend" to neutralize a technique's effect), releasing
oneself from an enemy's grasp, and changing or shifting one's position to evade
or neutralize an attack. As jujutsu is a collective term, some schools or ryu
adopted the principle of ju more than others.
From a broader point of view, based on the curricula
of many of the classical Japanese arts themselves, however, these arts may
perhaps be more accurately defined as unarmed methods of dealing with an enemy
who was armed, together with methods of using minor weapons such as the jutte ( also called jitte), tanto (knife), or kakushi
buki (hidden weapons), such as the ryofundo kusari (weighted chain)
or the bankokuchoki (a type of knuckle-duster), to defeat both armed or
unarmed opponents.
Furthermore, the term jujutsu was also sometimes
used to refer to tactics for infighting used with the warrior's major weapons:
katana or tachi (sword), yari (spear), naginata (glaive), and jo (short staff),
bo (quarterstaff). These close combat methods were an important part of the
different martial systems that were developed for use on the battlefield. They
can be generally characterized as either Sengoku Jidai (Sengoku Period, 1467-
1603) katchu bujutsu or yoroi kumiuchi (fighting with weapons or grappling while
clad in armor), or Edo Jidai (Edo Period, ) suhada bujutsu (fighting
while dressed in the normal street clothing of the period, kimono and
The Chinese character 柔 (Mandarin: róu;
Japanese: jū; Korean: yū) is the same as the first one in 柔道/judo (Mandarin: róudào; Japanese: jūdō; Korean: Yudo). The Chinese
character g (Mandarin: shù; Japanese: jutsu; Korean: sul)
is the same as the second one in 武g (Mandarin: wǔshù; Japanese: bujutsu; Korean: musul)
Heritage and philosophy
All Japanese jujutsu schools have cultural
indicators that help give a sense of the traditional character of the school.
The type of keikogi or training suit worn,
which is usually plain white, often with a dark hakama (the most colorful
uniform might be plain black or the traditional blue of quilted keikogi).
Lack of ostentatious display, with an attempt to
achieve or express the sense of rustic simplicity (expressed in such concepts as wabi-sabi in Japanese) common in many of Japan's traditional arts.
The use of the traditional (e.g., Shoden, Chuden,
Okuden, Kirigami and menkyo kaiden levels) ranking system, perhaps as
a parallel track to the more contemporary and increasingly common dan-i (kyu/dan) ranking.
Japanese culture and religion have become
intertwined into the martial arts. Buddhism, Shinto, Taoism and Confucian
philosophy co-exist in Japan, and people generally mix and match to suit. This
reflects the variety of outlook one finds in the different schools.
Jujutsu expresses the philosophy of yielding to an
opponent's force rather than trying to oppose force with force. Manipulating an
opponent's attack using his force and direction allows jujutsuka to control the
balance of their opponent and hence prevent the opponent from resisting the
counter attack.
The Japanese have characterised states of mind that
a warrior should be able to adopt in combat to facilitate victory. These
include: an all-encompassing awareness, zanshin (literally "remaining
spirit"), in which the practitioner is ready for anything, the
spontaneity of mushin (literally "no mind") which allows immediate action
witho and a state of equanimity or imperturbability known
as fudoshin (literally "immovable mind").日本柔术和巴西柔术是否同出一宗_百度知道
日本柔术和巴西柔术是否同出一宗
提问者采纳
当然，巴西学的日本
提问者评价
终于可以向我那个喜欢武术的朋友 有个交代了
其他类似问题
按默认排序
其他3条回答
应该不是 柔术最早是印度流传到中国中国流传到日本在日本武士时期得到发展再接着由日本传到巴西最后由格雷西家族改进，并发扬光大，所以柔术又叫做格雷西柔术和巴西柔术
巴西柔术是日本柔术的改进吧
巴西柔术起初是一种扭斗的武术，它的技术和策略都基于对地面打斗的深入研究。巴西柔术源于日本柔术，柔术练习者，擅长将对手拖向地面，然后在地面上获得控制的姿势。一旦形成控制姿势，柔术练习者可以使用关节技、绞技或击打技术等多种攻击手段，将对手制服。在1993年第一次终极格斗大赛上（UFC），霍易斯.格雷西获得冠军，巴西柔术开始引起世人的关注。 巴西柔术源于日本柔术，柔术拥有大量格斗技术，包括打、投、关节技及绞杀技。“Jujutsu”柔术的意思为“柔的法则”，它适用于所有日本武术体系，“柔”即利用灵活性。柔术的特点在于充分利用杠杆，而非与对手抗力、比力。柔术练习者会选择使用技术，让对手屈服或耗尽其体力，最终将其制服。然而，在古时柔术被视为次要的格斗术。因为多数武士首先使用刀剑，并将刀剑术视为最重要的武术。因此，日本柔术形成多种打斗体系，各自体现一部分最原始的技术及策略。有两个例子，柔道，侧重于摔；而空手道则重视踢、打。
巴西柔术在Edo时期（），随着日本内战的结束，柔术开始流行起来。经过几百年的战争，武士们已精通武术，在战争中使技艺更精湛。劳动阶层出现了，柔术成为日常的必需品，许多技术开始适用于日常生活中出现的情况，曾在战场上使用的自卫术现在在赌馆、市场、茶楼中使用。19世纪，柔术已成为成形的徒手格斗术，用来对付持械或徒手的对手，有些侧重于地面扭斗，有些则重视踢打。19世纪以来，日本共有700多种柔术门派。
战争对柔术发展起了很大影响，将打斗术变成武艺，并带来技术的革新。由于缺少实战机会，很多柔术派别逐渐失去了实用性。没有了战争，武士阶层及战斗性武术也不再需要，剩下的仅仅是日常生活中的自卫术。很多柔术学校开始推行现实的训练方法，而其他的柔术学校只有关门了。在Meiji复兴后（），战斗性质的柔术已在日本几乎消声灭迹，令人感到幸运的是，有几位德高望重的大师将柔术从失传的边缘拯救出来。编辑本段人物溯源
柔术大师前田光世将地面格斗的法则介绍到巴西。前田被誉为“打斗伯爵”，是古柔术及Kodokan柔道的专家。前田非常擅斗，并参加各种比赛检验自己的技术，他经常参加全接触的打斗赛。他是个小个子，身高5英尺5英寸，体重154镑，尽管如此，他的技术精湛，据说在他一生中只输过一次。1914年，受日本政府委托，前田来到巴西，帮助日本移民建立移民地。此时他受到卡斯托·格雷西的帮助，后者是拥有很强政治背景的成功商人。前田同这个苏格兰移民成为好朋友，于是，将自己的柔术知识传给了格雷西的几个儿子。
卡洛斯·格雷西（），当时17岁，为卡斯托的长子，接受前田的训练。记录上显示卡洛斯同前田学习的时间有限，可能只有两年至四年。在这么短的时间里要想成为
巴西柔术一个柔术大师，似乎不可能。从历史记录看，前田对格雷西两兄弟传授了柔术基本技术、扭斗者应掌握的总体策略及赢得和控制打斗的方法。这些策略是前田自己在参加无限制格斗中获得的体验。此外，格雷西们采用了前田的训练方法——自由格斗训练，和用真打实斗作为验证技术实用性的哲学思想。但很多柔术及在实战中的应用，是由格雷西们自己发展的。卡洛斯传授柔术给他的兄弟奥斯瓦多、卡斯托、若阿、尤葛和艾里奥。在1925年，格雷西们在Rio De Janiero建立了格雷西学校。前田在巴西继续旅行并周游世界，而年轻的格雷西们研究出技术的细节，前田不会想到格雷西会脱颖而出，成为现代最伟大的格斗体系。卡洛斯退休后，开始为其兄弟做经纪人，“成为营养学家”，研究出“格雷西瘦身法”。
艾里奥·格雷西（1908至今）是兄弟中最小的。他非常瘦弱，经常头昏。大夫不允许他进行激烈运动。艾里奥受卡洛斯的管教，经常看哥哥们练柔术。一天，卡落斯未能给一位学员进行单独训练，艾里奥自愿为哥哥代课，艾里奥利用技术来弥补自己力量上的不足。这个学习者被艾里奥的技术折服，从此要求艾理奥正式教他。在教授时，艾里奥发现了很多以小克大的技术。
当时，有很多技术在真实打斗中没有检验过。艾里奥对这些技术进行改造，使之适合像他这样的小个子格斗者（140磅）。他添加新的技术，去除那些需要用很大力量或实战中不实用的技术。同前田一样，格雷西兄弟对所有门派公开挑战，无论体重，不限时间。有一次，格雷西竟在巴西最有名的报纸上登广告：“如果您想头破血流，骨断筋折的话，你可联系我们格雷西。”
无限制格斗几乎没有规则与时间限制，无限制格斗只有击倒对手或让他投降后才结束。格雷西接受了重多挑战，并用所学技术在实战中检验。以艾理奥为首，格雷西兄弟不断
巴西柔术掌握最直接有效的对付敌人的方法。艾理奥成为兄弟中最厉害的选手——家族冠军。他成为改革者，发展了新的技术和策略，完成了从“日本柔术”至“巴西柔术”的演化。
艾里奥参加了职业的比赛，他挑战过日本柔道、柔术选手，职业摔跤手，拳击手及马路打架专家。他是第一个在西方世界于1932年打败日本柔术大师Namiki的柔术家。
这是他的第一次柔术比赛，也是第一次穿柔术服参加比赛。艾理奥同Namiki在地面上扭在一起，铃声响后几秒钟Namiki拍地认服。艾理奥还曾进行过在近代时间最长的比赛。他同他以前的学生比赛，此次比赛长达3小时45分钟，中间无休息。他还挑战过拳击冠军Primo Carnera及Ezzard Charles和世界冠军Joe Louis和后来的拳王阿里。
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