Mitochondrial DNA variation in two South Siberian Aboriginal populations: implications for the genetic history of North Asia.
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):945-73.Mitochondrial DNA variation in two South Siberian Aboriginal populations: implications for the genetic history of North Asia.1, , , , , , .1Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Portovaya, Russia.AbstractThe mtDNAs of 76 individuals representing the aboriginal populations of South Siberia, the Tuvinians and Buryats, were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and control region hypervariable segment I (HVS-I) sequencing, and the resulting data were combined with those available for other Siberian and East Asian populations and subjected to statistical and phylogenetic analysis. This analysis showed that the majority of the Tuvinian and Buryat mtDNAs (94.4% and 92.5%, respectively) belong to haplogroups A, B, C, D, E, F, and M*, which are characteristic of Mongoloid populations. Furthermore, the Tuvinians and Buryats harbor four Asian- and Native American-specific haplogroups (A-D) with frequencies (72.2% and 55%, respectively) exceeding those reported previously for Mongolians, Chinese, and Tibetans. They represent, therefore, the populations that are most closely related to New World indigenous groups. Despite their geographical proximity, the Tuvinians and Buryats shared no HVS-I sequences in common, although individually they shared such sequences with a variety of other Siberian and East Asian populations. In addition, phylogenetic and principal component analyses data of mtDNA sequences show that the Tuvinians clustered more closely with Turkic-speaking Yakuts, whereas the Mongolic-speaking Buryats clustered closer to Korean populations. Furthermore, HVS-I sequences, comprising one-fourth of the Buryat lineages and characterized by the only C-to-T transition at nucleotide position 16223, were identified as different RFLP haplotypes (B, C, D, E, M*, and H). This finding appears to indicate the putative ancestral state of the 16223T HVS-I sequences to Mongoloid macrohaplogroup M, at least. Finally, the results of nucleotide diversity analysis in East Asian and Siberian populations suggest that Central and East Asia were the source areas from which the genetically heterogeneous Tuvinians and Buryats first emerged.PMID:
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External link. Please review our .Optical imaging techniques for point-of-care diagnostics.
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2013 Jan 7;13(1):51-67. doi: 10.864c. Epub
2012 Oct 9.Optical imaging techniques for point-of-care diagnostics.1, , , , .1Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.Erratum inAbstractImproving access to effective and affordable healthcare has long been a global endeavor. In this quest, the development of cost-effective and easy-to-use medical testing equipment that enables rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to reduce the time and costs associated with healthcare services. To this end, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics plays a crucial role in healthcare delivery in both developed and developing countries by bringing medical testing to patients, or to sites near patients. As the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases, including various types of cancers and many endemics, relies on optical techniques, numerous compact and cost-effective optical imaging platforms have been developed in recent years for use at the POC. Here, we review the state-of-the-art optical imaging techniques that can have a significant impact on global health by facilitating effective and affordable POC diagnostics.PMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (A) Shows a picture of the Global Focus microscope. Yellow arrows show the trans-illumination light path of the microscope. (B) Left image is the photograph of M. Tuberculosis bacilli stained with auramine orange, obtained with the Global Focus microscope at 400x magnification. Right image is a digital magnification detail of an M. tuberculosis bacillus. Reprinted from Ref.
with permission from PLoS One.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.Miniature integrated fluorescent microscope. (A) Schematic illustration of an integrated microscope (shown in cross-section). (B) A photograph of an assembled integrated microscope. Insets, filter cube (bottom left), CMOS camera chip (top right) and PCB holding the LED illumination source (bottom right). Scale bar 5 mm. Reprinted from Ref.
with permission from Nature Publishing Group.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A) Schematic illustration of an integrated tuberculosis diagnosis platform. (B) Array microscope with separated, discontinuous fields of view. (C) Overlapping images of a positive sputum smear sample. Left and right digital images can be added numerically to form an overlapping image. Bacilli in the originally image can be seen in the overlapped image as indicated by the arrow. Reprinted from reference
with permission from Elsevier.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A) (Left) mobile phone microscope prototype, with LED and filters installed, capable of fluorescent imaging. (Right) the bright field and fluorescent imaging of 6 μm beads. (B) Micrographs of peripheral blood smears obtained by the cell phone microscope. Upper row: conventional microscope images. Bottom row: cell phone microscope images. Left column, images of normal blood sample. Center column, images of blood sample with iron deficiency anemia. Right column, images of blood sample with sickle cell anemia. Reprinted from references
with permission from PLoS One.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A–B) An illustration and photograph of the wide-field fluorescent microscope on a cell-phone. The weight of the entire attachment is ~ 28 grams (~ 1 ounce) and the dimensions of the attachment are ~3.5 × 5.5 × 2.4 cm. (C) Cell-phone images of labeled WBCs (cropped), compressively-decoded (CS) images and conventional fluorescence microscope images of the same labeled WBCs are provided from left-to-right of the panel, respectively. Arrows point to WBCs that are resolved by CS. Reprinted from reference
with permission from RSC publishing.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A–B) An illustration and photograph of the fluorescent imaging flow cytometry on a cell-phone. The entire attachment has dimensions of ~ 35 × 55 × 27.9 mm and a weight of ~ 18 grams. Total white blood cell counting results for a low WBC density sample (5000 cells/μL) (C) and for a higher WBC density sample (7800 cells/μL) (D) obtained from the cell-phone based imaging flow-cytometer Reprinted from reference
with permission from ACS publishing.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A) Schematic of the interferometric reflectance imaging (IRIS). XC: X-cube used to combine the beams of the different LEDs. BS: beam splitter. (B) Interferometric intensity image of 150 nm diameter beads at a wavelength of 635 nm. (C) Response of a single 150 nm particle shown in (B). Reprinted from reference
with permission from ACS publishing.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.Schematic illustration of the lensfree on-chip holography platform.,,, The objects are placed directly on a digital sensor array with typically Z2~ 1 mm distance to its active area. A partially-coherent light source, such as an LED, is placed Z1~ 40–100 mm away from the objects, and spatially filtered by a pinhole of diameter d~0.05–0.1 mm to record the digital in-line holograms of objects with unit fringe magnification over a large field-of-view (FOV), e.g., 24 mm2.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.A photograph (A) and a schematic diagram (B) of the portable multi-height microscope are shown. This microscope images dense samples by recording few intensity measurements with different sample to sensor distances. (C) Imaging results obtained from the microscope shown in (A–B). A full FOV (~30 mm2) hologram of a Pap smear sample is shown in the left panel. The right panel shows zoomed reconstructed amplitude and phase images of region one and two and a microscope comparison images (60 ×, 0.65 NA). Reprinted from reference
with permission from RSC publishing.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A) A schematic diagram of OFM. The apertures (white circles) are fabricated directly on top of the optoelectronic sensor and incorporated in an optofluidic channel (blue lines). (B) A photograph of the OFM. (C) A schematic diagram that shows that by tilting the microscope, gravity can provide the flow of the sample. (D) Block diagram of OFM computational principles. Reprinted from reference
with permission from National Academy of Sciences, USA.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.The basic configuration of the lensfree detector based on Soller collimator configuration. (A–B) A photograph and schematic configuration of the basic elements of the lensfree detector (the size of the bars are 1 cm), (B) a schematic configuration of the detector. 1. Multi-wavelength LED, 2. Narrow band blue emission filter, 3. Assay microfluidics, 4 and 6. Light collimator, 5. Emission filter, and 7. CCD. (C) a photograph of the assembled lensfree detector. Reprinted from reference
with permission from RSC publishing.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.Schematic illustration of the cell-based biosensor platform for the detection of cardiotoxicity using webcam based lensfree imaging technique. The white LED illuminates the chamber slide, which containes the ESC-derived carrdiomyocytes. The real-time beating rates of the cardiomyocytes are recorded by the CMOS imaging module taken from a webcam, and analyzed by imaging processing program. Reprinted from reference
with permission from RSC publishingLab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.Schematic diagram (A) and picture (B) of the portable fiber-optic fluorescence imaging platform that uses a digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera introduced by Shin et. al. (C) In vivo imaging of healthy human oral mucosa. (D) An image of human mucosa that is labeled by proflavine were acquired by the DSLR based micro-endoscope shown in (A) and (B). Reprinted from Ref.
with permission from PLoS One.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(Top panel) Shows a cartoon drawing and a photograph of the tunable laser source developed for use in point-of-care SS-OCT systems. (Bottom panel) Shows cross sectional images of the ventral surface of a human forefinger obtained during the forward scan (left) and the backward scan (middle) of the resonant mirror inside the linear cavity, together with a combined image (right). Reprinted from Ref.
with permission from Optical Society of America.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(Top panel) Shows a photograph of the handheld SD-OCT scanner unit (left) together with a schematic illustration of the entire OCT system (right). (Bottom panel) Shows in vivo cross-sectional images of normal human tissue obtained by using this OCT system Reprinted from Ref.
with permission from IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.CATRA provides an interactive experience to the user to self-evaluate the severity of her/his cataract using a snap-on cell-phone attachment (left). Based on real-time user feedback in response to the digitally projected patterns, opacity and attenuation maps can be generated to quantify the stage of cataracts (right). Refer to Ref.
for further details.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.(A–B) An RDT reader prototype powered by the cell-phone battery. A cost-effective snap-on attachment (b) is required to convert a cell phone to a smart digital RDT reader (b), which automatically evaluates various RDTs and generates a detailed RDT report.Lab Chip. ;13(1):51-67.Publication TypesMeSH TermsGrant SupportFull Text Sources
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猜你感兴趣Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity.
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):879-901. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syu047. Epub
2014 Jul 28.Borneo and Indochina are major evolutionary hotspots for Southeast Asian biodiversity.1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2.1Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversit?tsforschung an der Humboldt-Universit?t zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, G Southeast Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Palynova Limited, 1 Mow Fen Road, Littleport, Cambs CB6 1PY, UK; Niko Asia Ltd, Plaza City View, Jl Kemang Timur 22, Jakarta 12510, I Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, TX , USA; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, Yunnan 666303, P.R. C Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, A Borneo Futures Project, People and Nature Consulting International, Country Woods house 306, JL. WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, I School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Building 14, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, A School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, A Earth Sciences, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, A GEMOC, ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, A Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Rome, I Clastic Reservoir Systems, 10700 Richmond Avenue, Suite 325, Houston, TX 77042, USA markus..2Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversit?tsforschung an der Humboldt-Universit?t zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, G Southeast Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Palynova Limited, 1 Mow Fen Road, Littleport, Cambs CB6 1PY, UK; Niko Asia Ltd, Plaza City View, Jl Kemang Timur 22, Jakarta 12510, I Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, TX , USA; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, Yunnan 666303, P.R. C Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, A Borneo Futures Project, People and Nature Consulting International, Country Woods house 306, JL. WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, I School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Building 14, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, A School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, A Earth Sciences, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, A GEMOC, ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, A Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Rome, I Clastic Reservoir Systems, 10700 Richmond Avenue, Suite 325, Houston, TX 77042, USA.3Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversit?tsforschung an der Humboldt-Universit?t zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, G Southeast Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Palynova Limited, 1 Mow Fen Road, Littleport, Cambs CB6 1PY, UK; Niko Asia Ltd, Plaza City View, Jl Kemang Timur 22, Jakarta 12510, I Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, TX , USA; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, Yunnan 666303, P.R. C Centre for Archaeological Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, A Borneo Futures Project, People and Nature Consulting International, Country Woods house 306, JL. WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, I School of Archaeology & Anthropology, Building 14, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, A School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, A Earth Sciences, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, A GEMOC, ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, A Department of Biology and Biotechnologies "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, viale dell'Università 32, 00185 Rome, I Clastic Reservoir Systems, 10700 Richmond Avenue, Suite 325, Houston, TX 77042, USA Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversit?tsforschung an der Humboldt-Universit?t zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, GermanAbstractTropical Southeast (SE) Asia harbors extraordinary species richness and in its entirety comprises four of the Earth's 34 biodiversity hotspots. Here, we examine the assembly of the SE Asian biota through time and space. We conduct meta-analyses of geological, climatic, and biological (including 61 phylogenetic) data sets to test which areas have been the sources of long-term biological diversity in SE Asia, particularly in the pre-Miocene, Miocene, and Plio-Pleistocene, and whether the respective biota have been dominated by in situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics. We identify Borneo and Indochina, in particular, as major "evolutionary hotspots" for a diverse range of fauna and flora. Although most of the region's biodiversity is a result of both the accumulation of immigrants and in situ diversification, within-area diversification and subsequent emigration have been the predominant signals characterizing Indochina and Borneo's biota since at least the early Miocene. In contrast, colonization events are comparatively rare from younger volcanically active emergent islands such as Java, which show increased levels of immigration events. Few dispersal events were observed across the major biogeographic barrier of Wallace's Line. Accelerated efforts to conserve Borneo's flora and fauna in particular, currently housing the highest levels of SE Asian plant and mammal species richness, are critically required. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals..KEYWORDS: B E G P P climate changePMID:
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