What is OLED TV? - Definition
Part of the
is a television display technology based on the characteristics of organic light-emitting diodes (). OLED TV is a different technology than LED TV.
The OLED display is based an organic substance used as the
material in light-emitting diodes (s). The display is created by sandwiching organic thin films between two conductors. When an electrical current is applied to this structure, it emits a bright light. Because OLED displays don't require backlighting, they can be thinner and weigh less than other display technologies. OLED displays also have a wide viewing angle -- up to 160 degrees even in bright light -- and use only two to ten s to operate.&
OLED technology was pioneered at Kodak, by Dr. Ching W. Tang. OLED variations include the
(flexible organic light-emitting display), which promises to bring portable, roll-up displays to the consumer market.
Vendors of OLED TVs include LG and Samsung.&
Pros: Extremely thin displays, with the best picture quality of any of the flat-panels. Low power requirements. Very wide viewing angle, contrast ratio of 1.000.000:1.
Cons: Very expensive. However, the prices are expected to drop as the technology matures.
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LED/OLED Lighting
LED/OLED Lighting
LED Lighting
How environmentally friendly are LEDs?
A study of the ecological balance of LED lamps by OSRAM Opto Semiconductors shows that the latest generation of lights is already extremely environmentally friendly. In the context of the study, the entire life cycle was investigated. Research was carried out into how much energy and how many raw materials the lamp consumes during its manufacture, use and disposal and what environmental impacts this has. The service life of the lamp - 25,000 hours - was used as the basis for comparison. This means that a Parathom LED lamp was compared with 2.5 energy saving lamps and 25 incandescent lamps. The result: Current LED lamps achieve the same ecological balance values as compact fluorescent lamps and are miles ahead of conventional incandescent lamps.
The study, compiled in cooperation experts from Siemens Corporate Technology (Center for Eco Innovations), shows that: As with compact fluorescent lamps, LED-based lamps consume over 98 percent of the energy supplied during operation, i.e. in the generation of light. Less than two percent is used in production. This disproves the fear that manufacturing LEDs in particular can be very energy intensive. In contrast to the primary energy consumption of the incandescent lamps of roughly 3300 kWh, less than 700 kWh is used for manufacturing and operating LED lamps. Therefore the LED lamps are considerably more efficient than conventional incandescent lamps. As the efficiency of the LEDs is continually increasing, we can expect even better ecological balance results of the LED lamps in the future.
How much can we save with LEDs?
With regard to current consumption, CO2 emissions and maintenance costs, LEDs offer huge potential for savings - without making any reductions in light quality. When the longer service life is taken into account, the overall balance is clearly positive, even if the procurement costs are comparatively higher than conventional incandescent lamps. Depending on the system solution, clever technical solutions can reduce power costs by up to 80%.
LEDs are very efficient when compared to standard lights such as incandescent lamps or halogen lamps. Whilst incandescent lamps offer efficiency of a good 10 lm/W, and halogen lamp around 20 lm/W, the efficiency of white LEDs is between 70 and 100 lm/W (depending on the type and light color).  Fluorescent lamps have an efficiency of 70-90 lm/W. In the laboratory, the efficiencies of LEDs are over 140 lm/W. Depending on the type, the power consumption is only 0.1 to 15 W. This means: Even small LEDs can provide powerful lighting.
However, a sound efficiency comparison is only meaningful in a complete, functioning system, as the efficiency of electronics and optics also have a decisive role to play here. In addition to that, standardization committees take system efficiencies into consideration, as a detached observation is not sufficient.
Whilst a white incandescent lamp converts only five percent of the input energy into light, with LEDs, this value has already reached around 35 percent. In the case of colored light, the ratio of 0.5 to 40 percent comes down even more in favor of LEDs. And whilst the incandescent lamp has reached the end of its development, this is certainly not the case for the LED. There is still the potential to increase efficacy, in order to make LEDs even more efficient light sources than they are today.
What advantages do LEDs have over conventional light technologies?
LEDs are point light sources and emit targeted light. They are extremely small and allow great design freedom for lighting applications. In contrast to incandescent lamps, their light and heat components are separate. LEDs have neither UV nor infrared components in their light. This means that they can be used more flexibly, particularly in heat sensitive areas, such as lighting for food or cosmetics, or in applications with very limited space.
LEDs have a considerably longer service life than other light sources. A white LED with more than 50,000 hours will last between three and seven times longer than conventional fluorescent and energy saving lamps and 50 times longer than an incandescent lamp.
LEDs are "green" products: They do not contain any environmentally harmful substances such as mercury or lead. The life cycle assessment for LED lamps has confirmed the environmental friendliness of LEDs, even during manufacture.
LEDs shine in saturated colors, allowing a very wide variety. There is no need for color filters. They can also be dimmed infinitely and with low loss.
White LEDs offer better color reproduction than many conventional light technologies. In street lighting, where yellowish sodium vapor lamps are frequently used, their color reproduction index is noticeably better.
In some areas, the total cost of ownership – the costs viewed over the entire life cycle of the application - is already lower than that of conventional lamps. These include illumination of chilled cabinets, in museums and street lighting.
Which areas are LEDs particularly suitable for?
As a high efficiency point light source, LEDs are the ideal solution when targeted light is required: For example in shop, street and automotive lighting, but also in private housing and in hotels. The RGB LEDs, which can be used to create millions of colors, also present attractive opportunities, for example in stage lighting.
In outdoor areas, LEDs prove their worth through their long service life - even when lit for long periods of time - and due to their resilience against low temperatures.
LEDs are also perfectly suited to the lighting of displays or deep freezing devices in shops and supermarkets: In contrast to high pressure discharge lamps for example, LEDs do not emit any infrared components (these can be felt in the form of heat) and thus do not cause any increase in operating costs for air-conditioning and cooling systems. In shops, the targeted light of LEDs allows optimal presentation of goods. A light management system can be used to play with color dynamics and various effects. With the right light control system, users have full control over the color spectrum and color temperature spectrum and can thus integrate light into their rooms as a new design element.
In financial terms, LEDs quickly become a sound investment for professional applications where lights are on for more than eight hours a day - such as in hotels, restaurants or shops.
OLED Lighting
For which areas of application are OLEDs currently relevant?
Through their special properties (surface light source, transparent, flat, potentially flexible), OLEDs can open up new applications such as light tiles, light partitions or transparent light sources, which only emit light at night, by day or serve as a window. In addition to that, OLEDs can be integrated in installations, for example in kitchens and bathrooms, allowing revolutionary lighting design. The greatest success can be expected in those areas in which the standout features of OLEDs can come into their own. They allow, for example, extremely thin, efficient and transparent surface lights with excellent light quality. The OLED lighting markets will develop in parallel to the leading technologies and the falling costs. OLED panels are developed for general lighting applications which also emit white even at high brightness' (up to 4000 cd/m2 luminance, which – depending on the appropriate distance and room angle – can achieve lighting strengths of several thousand lux.)
How efficient are OLEDs? Where do they stand compared to other light technologies?
The efficiency of serial production OLEDs is currently around 25 lm/W. This mean that they are more efficient than conventional incandescent or halogen lamps, but still can not reach the efficiency of fluorescent lamps and LEDs. However, application oriented laboratory samples have already achieved an efficiency of 87 lm/W, thus coming close to the level of fluorescent lamps. Additional increases are expected.
What applications do you envisage for OLEDs?
OLEDs with their special properties (two-dimensional light source, transparent, ultra low profile, potentially
flexible) are opening up new applications such as light tiles, light partition walls, and transparent light sources
that emit light only after dusk and act as windows during the day. OLEDs can also be integrated in kitchen and bathroom
installations for example to create revolutionary lighting designs. The greatest successes are expected in applications
in which the unique features of OLEDs are used to greatest effect, for example in extremely thin, efficient and
transparent two-dimensional light sources with excellent quality of light.
What are the differences between OLEDs and other light sources?
The active, organic and mostly transparent layers of OLEDs are extremely thin, measuring less than 500 nm. This
makes the complete OLED itself extremely flat, lightweight and potentially flexible. The lighting system can therefore
be ultra low-profile, transparent and flexible and can cover a large area. Current limitations in terms of flexibility
and an extremely flat design are the rigid glass substrate and the type of encapsulation. Thinner and more flexible
substrates, thin-film encapsulation and transparent electrode material would further enhance the special properties of
OLEDs, such as extreme flatness, flexibility and transparency. With their diffused light, OLEDs are suitable for
scaling up to large areas. The result is a new type of flat light source that is very different from any previous light
OLEDs are complementary to most existing light sources and will open up entirely new areas of application and growth
markets. They are already inspiring designers and will be enriching the market for premium designer luminaires in the
near future. At a later date we expect to see revolutionary changes to the entire lighting market.
What is special about OLEDs? What can they do that other light sources cannot?
OLED stands for Organic Light Emitting Diode and is a completely new technology. It is a two-dimensional light
source that provides a soft light that is largely glare-free with no harsh shadows. It is possible to look directly at
OLED light sources without being dazzled – in complete contrast to conventional light sources such as incandescent
lamps, halogen lamps and LEDs. OLEDs are extremely thin. Their active layers have an overall thickness of less than 500
nm, which is 100 times thinner than a human hair. The total thickness of the component is typically 1.8 mm, comprising
the glass substrate and the encapsulation. And even this can be reduced considerably by using thinner and more flexible
substrates and thin-film encapsulation. OLED panels therefore weigh very little indeed.
White OLEDs with their broadband emission spectrum produce lighting of high quality with excellent color rendering (CRI
of 80 or more). OLEDs can be easily dimmed to any level by changing the operating current. In contrast to tubular and
compact fluorescent lamps they emit their full output as such as they are switched on.
OLEDs are more than just light sources, they are design elements. Even when they are switched off they look very
different from conventional light sources. They are very thin, very flat, very lightweight and therefore very
attractive. They can also be transparent, diffused or mirrored so they offer a completely new look. Luminaire designers
can therefore look forward to enormous freedom.
What is the difference between OLEDs and LEDs?
OLEDs are surface lights, LEDs are point light sources. Thus the two technologies have been designed for different areas of application. OLEDs emit a soft, diffuse light and are primarily suited for decorative, atmospheric applications. In addition to that, they have the potential for flexibility – in the long term, it will be possible to attach them to all sorts of objects, in order to turn them into lamps.
OLEDs are made up of multiple organic, semi conductive layers, and LEDs are made up of inorganic layers. Up to now, the luminance, service life and efficiency of the OLEDs have been considerably less than those of LEDs.
When will OLEDs be something the general public can buy?
Due to their price, OLEDs are currently still significantly more expensive than conventional lights and are thus primarily suitable for the premium sector, such as hotels and restaurants. However, through the widespread use of the new substrate and encapsulation processes, significant cost reductions can be expected in the medium term. OSRAM has already taken the first step: The pilot production line for OLEDs was opened in Regensburg in 2010. The efficiency, service life and color quality of the organic LEDs have already reached the level of halogen lamps. First applications, such as the Orbeos OLED tiles or the PirOLED and Airabesc lamps are already available.
Which applications have already been covered?
In the premium design segment OSRAM has produced initial applications in cooperation with Ingo Maurer. This
world-famous lighting designer presented a spectacular work of art at Light and Building 2008 and limited edition table
lights equipped with OLEDs that caused quite a sensation. These high-quality lights are primarily intended however as
works of art.
Which market segments will OLEDs enter?
The special properties of organic light emitting diodes will be the unstoppable driving forces behind the transition
from the first phase of purely emotional lighting to the second phase of functional light sources for the premium
design sector. This includes the possibility of producing transparent OLEDs and precisely defining the direction in
which light is emitted and the amount of light emitted. At the same time, the efficiency and brightness of the light
will be improve at a rapid rate, coupled with optimized production processes that will lead to higher production
Entirely new lighting applications may be developed with effects that we can now only imagine. In the general
illumination sector, one of these innovative applications could be transparent (roof) windows. By day the windows would
allow natural light through, and by night they would provide light themselves, eliminating the unattractive sight of
the windows becoming nothing more than dark patches. At present, attention has not yet turned to automotive
applications. In particular the very high thermal stability required cannot be fully achieved at present by OLEDs.
Products are not expected here until 2013 at the earliest.
OSRAM considers the ultimate development goal for OLED light sources to be volume business in the general lighting
sector. This third mass market phase will start as soon as OLEDs can be manufactured in very high quantities and with
consistently high quality and appropriate demand has built up on the world market. OLED Lighting is part of OSRAM’s
research and development program that aims to produce efficient high-quality high-performance light sources in
accordance with sustainability requirements. As economical and ecological light sources, OLEDs will enrich the broad
spectrum of general lighting products and make attractive additions to the lighting portfolio.
Outstanding reference installations worldwide.
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