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Linux SWAP 分区建立及释放内存
来源：Linux社区&
作者：Linux
方法一：&一、查看系统当前的分区情况：&&free -m&二、创建用于交换分区的文件:&&dd if=/dev/zero of=/whatever/swap bs=block_size （10M）count=number_of_block(3000)&三、设置交换分区文件:&&mkswap& /export/swap/swapfile&四、立即启用交换分区文件:&&swapon /whateever/swap&五、若要想使开机时自启用，则需修改文件/etc/fstab中的swap行：&/whatever/swap swap swap defaults 0 0&
方法二&增加交换分区空间的方法：&1.查看一下/etc/fstab确定目前的分区&2.swapoff /dev/hd**&3.free 看一下是不是停了.&4.fdisk 删了停掉的swap分区&5.重新用FDISK建一个新的SWAP分区&6.mkswap /dev/hd**把新的分区做成swap&7.swapon /dev/hd**打开swap&8.修改/etc/fstab&
操作实例：&1.查看系统Swap空间使用&# free& & & & & & & total& & & used& & & free& & shared& & buffers& & cached&Mem:& & & & 513980& & 493640& & & 20340& & & & & 0& & 143808& & 271780&-/+ buffers/cache:& & & 78052& & 435928&Swap:& & & 1052248& & & 21256& & 1030992&2.在空间合适处创建swap文件&# mkdir swap&# cd swap&# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=10000&10000+0 records in&10000+0 records out&# ls -al&total 10024&drwxr-xr-x& & 2 root& & root& & & & 4096& 7月 28 14:58 .&drwxr-xr-x& 19 root& & root& & & & 4096& 7月 28 14:57 ..&-rw-r--r--& & 1 root& & root& & 月 28 14:58 swapfile&
# mkswap swapfile&Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 9996 KiB&3.激活swap文件&# swapon swapfile&# ls -l&total 10016&-rw-r--r--& & 1 root& & root& & 月 28 14:58 swapfile&# free& & & & & & & total& & & used& & & free& & shared& & buffers& & cached&Mem:& & & & 513980& & 505052& & & 8928& & & & & 0& & 143900& & 282288&-/+ buffers/cache:& & & 78864& & 435116&Swap:& & & 1062240& & & 21256& & 1040984&生成1G的文件&# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=10M count=3000&创建为swap文件&#mkswap swapfile&让swap生效&#swapon swapfile&查看一下swap&#swapon -s&[root@cluster /]# swapon -sFilename& & Type& Size& Used& Priority/dev/sda3& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & partition& 28& -1/state/partition1/swap/swapfile& & & & file& & -2&加到fstab文件中让系统引导时自动启动&#vi& /etc/fstab&/state/partition1/swap/swapfil& swap& & swap& & defaults& & 0 0&完毕。
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Linux下修改swap的大小
swap它是什么的呢？
其实swap是内存的交换区；换句话说，如果内存不够用了，那么系统会在硬盘上存储一些内存中不常用的数据，之后将这部分数据在存储中析构掉；这样内存就又有剩余空间可以运行东东啦，这个过程也就是所谓的交换，存储数据的硬盘部分就是swap分区啦~
装系统的时候可能会将swap大小设置的不合适 但是swap的大小不正确，很影响服务器的性能
看看这台VPS是不是很悲剧：（
稍不注意就会把swap给撑死了。那时候就悲剧了，虽然你的程序站到swap不是好事情，但是好歹缓冲一下不至于爆掉吧。
接下来我们操作一下
[root@v01 ~]# cd /usr/
[root@v01 usr]# mkdir swap
[root@v01 usr]# cd swap/
[root@v01 swap]# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=402400 count=10000
10000+0 records in
10000+0 records out
bytes (4.0 GB) copied, 44.5578 seconds, 90.3 MB/s
[root@v01 swap]# ls -al
total 3933540
drwxr-xr-x
2 root root
4096 Sep 20 22:11 .
drwxr-xr-x 15 root root
4096 Sep 20 22:11 ..
-rw-r--r--
1 root root
Sep 20 22:12 swapfile
[root@v01 swap]# mkswap swapfile
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4023992 kB
[root@v01 swap]# free -m
-/+ buffers/cache:
[root@v01 swap]# swapon swapfile
[root@v01 swap]# free -m
-/+ buffers/cache:
[root@v01 swap]#
所谓条条大路通罗马，意味着结局的方式不止一条咯：）
选取你的一个目录
创建256M的文件块：
dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1024 count=262144
创建swap文件
/sbin/mkswap swapfile
激活swap文件
/sbin/swapon swapfile
查看一下swap是否正确：
/sbin/swapon -s
加到fstab文件中让系统引导时自动启动
vi /etc/fstab
在末尾增加以下内容：
/var/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
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20212223242526帮你解决Linux系统Swap耗尽问题_未来软件园文章
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帮你解决Linux系统Swap耗尽问题
大家在使用Linux的过程中,有时会遇到交换内存swap耗尽的情况,面对这个问题,我们如何解决呢？现在我就和大家一起分享下这个问题的解决方法。解决方法：1、启动应用时报内存不足,直接Linux命令行top查看下。swap used100%,0free。2、reboot服务器能有效的释放swap,可是很多情况下是不能重启服务器的。这时就要弄明白是什么占着内存。查看下/proc目录下内容,发现很多数字命名的目录,这些就是Linux的进程了。3、要让进程释放swap的方法只有kill掉该进程了。写个脚本来查看具体是哪些进程占着内存啦。一、对/proc目录下所有以数字为名的目录进行遍历二、1目录是根进程重启会导致系统重启,所以直接排除掉。三、算出每个进程占用内存的大小,然后按照大小排序四、输出内存占用大于1MB的进程4、将运行结果保存到swap.log文件中5、查看swap.log.10325这个进程内存占用最多有130几M。6、直接kill掉,然后再top查看。ok,swap一下子释放了很多,搞定。注意事项：proc目录下1目录不能直接kill掉。以上就是Linux系统交换内存swap耗尽的解决方法了,有遇到这个问题的用户,可以参考下上面的解决方法,希望对你的问题的解决有所帮助。这段代码运行一段时间后就会耗尽内存和Swap？
环境：Ubuntu 14 lite desktop, python 2.7, usb ralink wireless card&br&作用：不停的获取周围无线设备的MAC地址通过无线信号捕捉，来判断我是否在家，触发音乐播放和暂停&br&问题：运行一段时间后会自动退出，原因是耗尽内存和Swap，在即将退出时硬盘灯会狂闪。&br&&div class=&highlight&&&pre&&code class=&language-python&&&span class=&c&&#!/usr/bin/env python&/span&
&span class=&kn&&import&/span& &span class=&nn&&time&/span&
&span class=&kn&&import&/span& &span class=&nn&&os&/span&
&span class=&kn&&from&/span& &span class=&nn&&scapy.all&/span& &span class=&kn&&import&/span& &span class=&o&&*&/span&
&span class=&n&&interface&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span&&span class=&s&&&mon0&&/span&
&span class=&n&&observedclients&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&p&&{}&/span&
&span class=&n&&targetDevice&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&s&&'00:00:00:00:00:00'&/span&
&span class=&k&&def&/span& &span class=&nf&&sniffmgmt&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&p&&):&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&haslayer&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&n&&Dot11&/span&&span class=&p&&):&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&type&/span& &span class=&o&&==&/span& &span class=&mi&&0&/span& &span class=&ow&&and&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&subtype&/span& &span class=&o&&==&/span& &span class=&mi&&4&/span&&span class=&p&&:&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&addr2&/span& &span class=&ow&&not&/span& &span class=&ow&&in&/span& &span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&keys&/span&&span class=&p&&():&/span&
&span class=&k&&print&/span& &span class=&s&&&&/span&&span class=&si&&%02d&/span&&span class=&se&&\t&/span&&span class=&si&&%s&/span&&span class=&se&&\t&/span&&span class=&si&&%s&/span&&span class=&se&&\t&/span&&span class=&si&&%s&/span&&span class=&s&&&&/span& &span class=&o&&%&/span& &span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&nb&&len&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&p&&),&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&addr2&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&n&&time&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&time&/span&&span class=&p&&(),&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&info&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&addr2&/span& &span class=&o&&==&/span& &span class=&n&&targetDevice&/span&&span class=&p&&:&/span&
&span class=&k&&pass&/span&
&span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&n&&p&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&addr2&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&n&&time&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&time&/span&&span class=&p&&()&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&nb&&len&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span& &span class=&o&&&&/span& &span class=&mi&&0&/span&&span class=&p&&:&/span&
&span class=&n&&cur_time&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&n&&time&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&time&/span&&span class=&p&&()&/span&
&span class=&k&&for&/span& &span class=&n&&key&/span& &span class=&ow&&in&/span& &span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&o&&.&/span&&span class=&n&&keys&/span&&span class=&p&&():&/span&
&span class=&n&&val&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&n&&key&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span&
&span class=&n&&time_span&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&n&&cur_time&/span& &span class=&o&&-&/span& &span class=&n&&val&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&time_span&/span& &span class=&o&&&&/span& &span class=&mi&&300&/span&&span class=&p&&:&/span&
&span class=&k&&del&/span& &span class=&n&&observedclients&/span&&span class=&p&&[&/span&&span class=&n&&key&/span&&span class=&p&&]&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&key&/span& &span class=&o&&==&/span& &span class=&n&&targetDevice&/span&&span class=&p&&:&/span&
&span class=&k&&pass&/span&
&span class=&k&&if&/span& &span class=&n&&__name__&/span& &span class=&o&&==&/span& &span class=&s&&&__main__&&/span&&span class=&p&&:&/span&
&span class=&c&&# Print the program header&/span&
&span class=&k&&print&/span& &span class=&s&&&-=-=-=-=-=-= AIROSCAPY =-=-=-=-=-=-&&/span&
&span class=&k&&print&/span& &span class=&s&&&Total&/span&&span class=&se&&\t&/span&&span class=&s&&Device Mac Address&/span&&span class=&se&&\t&/span&&span class=&s&&First Time&/span&&span class=&se&&\t&/span&&span class=&s&&SSID&&/span&
&span class=&c&&# Start the sniffer&/span&
&span class=&n&&sniff&/span&&span class=&p&&(&/span&&span class=&n&&iface&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&n&&interface&/span&&span class=&p&&,&/span& &span class=&n&&prn&/span& &span class=&o&&=&/span& &span class=&n&&sniffmgmt&/span&&span class=&p&&)&/span&
&/code&&/pre&&/div&有位意大利的网友遇到了相同问题，在参考他的解决方案后还是失败了，你们看看是否能有解决方案。谢谢！这是他的问题URL：&a href=&///?target=http%3A//www.python-it.org/forum/index.php%3Ftopic%3D6689.0& class=& wrap external& target=&_blank& rel=&nofollow noreferrer&&Scapy sniffing ed esaurimento RAM&i class=&icon-external&&&/i&&/a&
环境：Ubuntu 14 lite desktop, python 2.7, usb ralink wireless card作用：不停的获取周围无线设备的MAC地址通过无线信号捕捉，来判断我是否在家，触发音乐播放和暂停问题：运行一段时间后会自动退出，原因是耗尽内存和Swap，在即将退出时硬盘灯会狂闪。#!/usr/bin/env python
import time
from scapy.all import *
interface ="mon0"
observedclients = {}
targetDevice = '00:00:00:00:00:00'
def sniffmgmt(p):
if p.haslayer(Dot11):
if p.type == 0 and p.subtype == 4:
if p.addr2 not in observedclients.keys():
print "%02d\t%s\t%s\t%s" % (len(observedclients), p.addr2, time.time(), p.info)
if p.addr2 == targetDevice:
observedclients[p.addr2] = time.time()
if len(observedclients) & 0:
cur_time = time.time()
for key in observedclients.keys():
val = observedclients[key]
time_span = cur_time - val
if time_span & 300:
del observedclients[key]
if key == targetDevice:
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Print the program header
print "-=-=-=-=-=-= AIROSCAPY =-=-=-=-=-=-"
print "Total\tDevice Mac Address\tFirst Time\tSSID"
# Start the sniffer
sniff(iface = interface, prn = sniffmgmt)
你真的问过google了么？from Scarpy Document ()8.2 Communication commands8.2.1 Sniff familysniffsniff(prn=None, lfilter=None, count=0, store=1, offline=None, L2socket=None, timeout=None) store: wether to store sniffed packets or discard them. When you onlywant to monitor your network forever, set store to 0.
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